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Nigute ibuye rya Granite ryakozwe

Ibuye

Amavu n'amavuko

Amabuye azwi ku mazina menshi atandukanye, nk'amabuye y'urwibutso, ibimenyetso by'imva, amabuye, n'amabuye.Byose bikurikizwa kumikorere yamabuye;kwibuka no kwibuka abapfuye.Amabuye yumutwe yabanje gukorwa mumabuye yumurima cyangwa ibiti.Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, amabuye (bita “amabuye y'impyisi”) yashyizwe hejuru y'umubiri kugira ngo inyamaswa zishakisha zidapfundura imva idakabije.

Amateka

Abacukuzi b'ivya kera bavumbuye imva za Neanderthal kuva mu myaka 20.000-75.000.Imirambo yavumbuwe mu buvumo bufite ibirundo binini cyangwa amabuye atwikiriye.Bikekwa ko iyi mva zabaye impanuka.Birashoboka ko abakomeretse cyangwa bapfuye bari basigaye inyuma kugira ngo bakire, kandi amabuye cyangwa amabuye basunikwa imbere y'ubuvumo kugira ngo birinde inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.Ubuvumo bwa Sharindar muri Iraki bwari butuye ibisigazwa by'umuntu (nko mu 50.000 mbere ya Yesu) bifite indabyo zuzuye umubiri.

Ubundi buryo butandukanye bwo gushyingura bwateye imbere uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana.Abashinwa ni bo babanje gukoresha isanduku kugira ngo babuze abapfuye mu gihe cya 30.000 mbere ya Yesu Mummification no kosa umurambo byakoreshejwe ahagana mu 3200 mbere ya Yesu kugira ngo babungabunge imirambo ya farawo yo mu Misiri mu buzima bwa nyuma.Farawo yari gushyirwa muri sarkofagusi akanashyirwamo amashusho ahagarariye abakozi babo n'abajyanama bizewe, ndetse na zahabu n'ibinezeza kugira ngo byemererwe ku isi yo hanze.Bamwe mu bami basabye ko abagaragu babo n'abajyanama babo nyirizina bajyana na bo mu rupfu, abagaragu n'abajyanama bakicwa bagashyirwa mu mva.Gutwika imirambo byatangiye mu gihe kimwe na mummification, na bwo bwari uburyo buzwi bwo guta abapfuye.Uyu munsi bingana na 26% byuburyo bwo kujugunya muri Amerika na 45% muri Kanada.

Uko amadini yatera imbere, gutwika imirambo byaje gusuzugurwa.Amadini menshi yanabujije gutwika imirambo, avuga ko yibutsa imigenzo ya gipagani.Gushyingura byari uburyo bwatoranijwe, kandi rimwe na rimwe abapfuye bashyirwaga mu rugo kugira ngo abantu bashobore kubaha.Mu 1348, Icyorezo cyibasiye Uburayi kandi gihatira abantu gushyingura abapfuye vuba bishoboka no kure y'imijyi.Iyi mihango y'urupfu no gushyingura yarakomeje kugeza amarimbi yuzuye, kandi, kubera imva nyinshi zitagira ingano, zikomeza gukwirakwiza indwara.Mu 1665, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza yemeje ko hashyingurwa abantu bake kandi ubujyakuzimu bwemewe n’amategeko bukaba buhagaze kuri metero 1.8.Ibi byagabanije ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara, ariko amarimbi menshi yakomeje kuba menshi.

Irimbi rya mbere risa n'iryagaragaye muri iki gihe, ryashinzwe i Paris mu 1804 ryitwa irimbi “ubusitani”.Pèere-Lachaise ibamo amazina menshi azwi nka Oscar Wilde, Frederick Chopin, na Jim Morrison.Muri ayo marimbi yubusitani niho ibuye ryumutwe ninzibutso byahindutse imirimo irambuye.Imibereho yumuntu yagennye ingano nubuhanzi bwurwibutso.Inzibutso za mbere zerekanaga ibintu biteye ubwoba hamwe na skeleti n'abadayimoni kugirango batere ubwoba ubuzima bwanyuma mubuzima.Nyuma mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, amabuye y'agaciro yagiye ahinduka yerekeza ku mahoro, nk'abakerubi n'abamarayika bayobora nyakwigendera hejuru.Amerika yashinze irimbi ryayo ryo mu cyaro, Irimbi rya Mount Auburn i Cambridge, Massachusetts, mu 1831.

Ibikoresho bito

Amabuye ya mbere yakozwe mu mbaho, yaboneka mu ntangiriro za New England.Ibikoresho byakurikiyeho kumenyekana byari marble, ariko nyuma yigihe cya marimari yangirika kandi amazina nibisobanuro bya nyakwigendera ntibyasobanuwe.Mugihe cya 1850, granite ihinduka ibikoresho byibanze byumutwe kubera kwihangana no kugerwaho.Mu nzibutso zigezweho granite nibikoresho nyamukuru bikoreshwa.

Granite ni urutare rwaka rugizwe ahanini na quartz, feldspar, na plagioclase feldspar hamwe nibindi bito bito byamabuye y'agaciro bivanze. Granite irashobora kuba umweru, umutuku, imvi zijimye, cyangwa imvi zijimye.Uru rutare rukozwe muri magma (ibikoresho bishongeshejwe) bikonjeshwa buhoro.Magma ikonje yacukuwe binyuze mu guhinduranya mu butaka bw'isi no gutwarwa n'ubutaka.

Igishushanyo

Hariho inzira zitabarika zo kwihererana ibuye.Epitaphs itangirira kumirongo y'Ibyanditswe kugeza kumagambo adasobanutse kandi asekeje.Ibishushanyo biherekejwe birashobora gushushanywa, bigashyirwa hejuru, cyangwa kuruhande rwibuye.Ingano n'imiterere y'amabuye nayo aratandukanye.Mubisanzwe, amabuye yose aba asize imashini kandi arashushanyijeho, hanyuma arambuye neza kubiganza.

Gukora
Inzira

  1. Intambwe yambere nuguhitamo ubwoko (mubisanzwe marble cyangwa granite) nibara ryibuye.Igice cya granite noneho gicibwa muburiri.Hariho uburyo butatu bwo kubikora.Uburyo bwa mbere ni ugucukura.Ubu buryo bukoresha umwitozo wa pneumatike utobora umwobo uhagaze 1 muri (cm 2,54) hamwe na metero 20 (6.1 m) zimbitse muri granite.Abacukuzi baca bakoresha 4 muri (10.1 cm) z'ibyuma birebire bifite amenyo yicyuma kugirango bace munsi yigitare.

Gutobora indege birihuta cyane kuruta gucukura, inshuro zirindwi.Muri ubu buryo, metero 16 (4,9 m) zirashobora gucukurwa mu isaha imwe.Inzira ikoresha moteri ya roketi ifite icyuma kidafite icyuma kugirango yirukane uruvange rwa peteroli ya hydrocarubone hamwe numwuka muburyo bwa 2.800 ° F (1.537.8 ° C).Urumuri ni inshuro eshanu umuvuduko wijwi kandi rugabanya 4 muri (10.2 cm) muri granite.

Inzira ya gatatu nuburyo bukora neza, butuje, kandi butanga imyanda hafi.Gutobora amazi yamazi akoresha umuvuduko wamazi kugirango agabanye granite.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gutobora indege, umuvuduko muke hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi.Byombi bisohora imigezi ibiri yamazi, ariko imigezi ya sisitemu yo hasi yumuvuduko uri munsi ya 1,400-1,800 psi, naho umuvuduko mwinshi uri munsi ya 40.000 psi.Amazi ava mu ndege arongera arakoreshwa, kandi uburyo bugabanya amakosa nibintu byapfushije ubusa.

  1. Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ugukuraho ikibanza ku buriri bwa kariyeri.Abakozi bafata imyitozo minini ya pneumatike yometse kuri 1.5-1.88 muri (3.81-4.78 cm) ibyuma byerekeranye na karbide hanyuma bigatobora mu buryo butambitse muri blokite ya granite.Baca bashira impapuro zipfunyitse zipfunyika mumyobo.Amafaranga amaze gushyirwaho, guhagarika gukora ikiruhuko gisukuye kurutare.
  2. Ubusanzwe granite ifite uburebure bwa metero 3 (0,9 m) z'ubugari, uburebure bwa metero 0,9, na metero 10 z'uburebure, ipima hafi 20.250 (9.185 kg).Abakozi bazengurutsa umugozi uzengurutse umurongo cyangwa bafate ibyuma mu mpande zombi hanyuma bagereke umugozi ku nkoni.Muri ubwo buryo bwombi, umugozi wometse kuri derrick nini izamura granite hejuru no ku gikamyo kibase kijyana mu ruganda rukora amabuye.Ubucukuzi bwa kariyeri bukunda kuba bwigenga kandi bugurisha granite kubabikora, ariko hariho ibigo binini binini bifite kariyeri.
  3. Nyuma yo kugera munzu yubukorikori, ibisate bya granite bipakururwa kumukandara wa convoyeur aho baciwemo uduce duto.Ubusanzwe ibisate bifite uburebure bwa 6, 8, 10, cyangwa 12 muri (15.2, 20.3, 25, na 30.4 cm).Iyi ntambwe ikorwa hamwe na diamant izunguruka.Icyuma gifite ibikoresho bya metero 5 cyangwa metero 11,6 (3,54 m) icyuma gikomeye cya diyama.Ubusanzwe icyuma gifite ibice bya diyama bigera ku 140-160 kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo guca ikigereranyo cya 23-252(2.1-2.3 m2) isaha.
  4. Ibisate byaciwe byanyujijwe munsi yumubare utandukanye wimitwe izunguruka (mubisanzwe umunani kugeza 13) hamwe ninzego zitandukanye za grit zitunganijwe

ishusho5

Gukora ibuye ry'umutwe.

kuva cyane cyane kugeza kuri bike.Imitwe mike yambere ifite diyama ikaze, imitwe yo hagati ni iyo kubaha, naho imitwe yanyuma iheruka ifite ibyuma byerekana ibyuma.Iyi padi ifite amazi na aluminiyumu cyangwa ifu ya tin oxyde kuri yo kugirango ibe ibuye kugeza irangiye neza.

  1. Icyapa gisennye noneho cyimurirwa kumukandara wa convoyeur kumena hydraulic.Kumena bifite amenyo ya karbide akoresha hafi 5000 psi yumuvuduko wa hydraulic kuri plaque ya granite, bigatuma uhagaritse uciye ibuye.
  2. Ibuye ryaciwe noneho rikozwe muburyo bukwiye.Ibi bikorwa n'intoki hamwe na chisel n'inyundo, cyangwa cyane cyane hamwe na diyama nyinshi.Iyi mashini irashobora gushyirwaho kugirango ifate ibyuma bigera kuri 30, ariko mubisanzwe byuzuyemo umunani cyangwa icyenda.Bifite ibyuma icyenda, iyi diamant ifite ibyuma byinshi irashobora kugabanya metero 272(2,5 m2) isaha.
  3. Ubuso bwibuye noneho bwongeye gusukwa.Mubikorwa byikora cyane, ibice 64 birashobora gutoneshwa icyarimwe.
  4. Impande zihagaritse zisizwe na mashini yimashini ikora, isa na poliseri yo hejuru.Iyi mashini ihitamo umutwe wa grit ikaze kandi ikora hejuru yuruhande rwibuye.Imashini noneho ikora inzira inyuze mubindi grits kugeza impande zoroshye.
  5. Impande za radial zirahari kandi zisukuye icyarimwe ukoresheje ingoma ebyiri zisya diyama.Imwe ifite diyama ikaze, naho iyakabiri ifite grit nziza.Ibuye rya radiyo yamabuye noneho irasizwe.
  6. Niba hakenewe ishusho ikomeye yamabuye, ibuye risennye ryimurirwa kumurongo wa diyama.Umukoresha ahindura ibiti hanyuma atangira inzira, ikoresha software ya mudasobwa kugirango ibe ishusho mumutwe.Ikintu cyose cyiza cyangwa kirambuye kirangizwa n'intoki.
  7. Ibuye ryumutwe noneho ryiteguye kurangiza.Gutobora urutare bikubiyemo gukata impande zose zamabuye ukoresheje intoki, bigatanga ibisobanuro birambuye, imiterere yumuntu.
  8. Noneho ko ibuye ryumutwe risizwe O kandi rifite ishusho, igihe kirageze cyo gushushanya.Umusenyi ukoreshwa muri rusange.Amavuta ya kole ashyirwa kumutwe.Ikibaho cya reberi gishyirwa hejuru ya kole hanyuma igapfundikirwa imiterere ya karubone ishushanyije.Carbone ihererekanya igishushanyo cyateguwe nuwashushanyije, kuri reberi.Umukozi ahita akata inyuguti n'ibishushanyo mbonera bishakishwa ku ibuye, akabishyira ku mucanga.Umusenyi wakozwe nintoki cyangwa wikora.Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bukorerwa ahantu hafunzwe kubera ububi bwibikorwa.Umukozi arapfukiranwe rwose kugirango arinde ibinyampeke bigaragarira ku ibuye.Amasomo yo guca abrasive akoreshwa ku mbaraga 100 psi.Abakusanya ivumbi bakusanya kandi babike umukungugu kugirango wongere ukoreshe.
  9. Ibuye noneho riterwa hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ukureho stencil cyangwa kole isigaye.Yongeye gusukwa no kugenzurwa neza, hanyuma igapakirwa muri selile cyangwa impapuro ziremereye kugirango irinde kurangiza.Ipaki ishyirwa mubisanduku ikoherezwa kubakiriya cyangwa umuyobozi ushinzwe gushyingura.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge

Kugenzura ubuziranenge byubahirizwa cyane mubikorwa byose byo gukora.Buri cyapa cya granite ikabije igenzurwa kugirango ibara rihamye.Nyuma ya buri ntambwe yo gusya, ibuye ry'umutwe risuzumwa amakosa.Ku kimenyetso cya mbere cya chip cyangwa igishushanyo, ibuye rikurwa kumurongo.

Ibicuruzwa / imyanda

Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutema bukoreshwa kuri kariyeri, imyanda iratandukanye.Gucukura nuburyo buto busobanutse bwo gucukura amabuye, bityo bikabyara imyanda myinshi.Uburyo bwindege yamazi butanga urugero rwinshi rwumwanda numukungugu.Ikoresha kandi lisansi ikora neza kuruta izindi nzira, kandi igafasha amazi kongera gukoreshwa.Mumusenyi harimo imyanda mike nanone kuva ibice byumucanga byegeranijwe kandi bigakoreshwa nanone.Amabuye ya granite yose afite inenge yakozwe mubicuruzwa bigurishwa mubindi bigo bikora cyangwa byoherezwa mumahanga.Andi mabuye atujuje ubuziranenge arajugunywa.

Kazoza

Hariho tekinike nyinshi nshya zikoresha software igezweho kugirango ibe igishushanyo mbonera.Laser etching niterambere ryegereje ryemerera amashusho nibindi bishushanyo bigoye gushyirwa kumutwe ukoresheje laser beam.Ubushyuhe buturuka kuri lazeri busohora kristu hejuru ya granite, bikavamo kuzamuka cyane, bifite ibara ryoroshye.

Kugabanuka kwa granite ntabwo biteganijwe mugihe cya vuba.Nka kariyeri yacukuwe, umutungo mushya uratera imbere.Hariho amategeko menshi agabanya ingano ya granite ishobora koherezwa icyarimwe.Ubundi buryo bwo guta abapfuye nabwo ni ibintu bishobora kugabanya umusaruro wamabuye.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2021